Currency – Bronze – King Manilla – West Africa

The most common form of metal currency in West Africa was the manilla, a rod with flared ends and bent into a “bracelet” form. Usually made from a copper alloy, forms like these were recognized and used as currency for transactions from the end of the 15th to the mid-20th century. The smaller ones were manufactured in England or France and were used for trade with Africa, including the slave trade. Larger queen and king manillas (like these) were more likely to have been forged in Africa, hammered out locally from bar money. The metal content varies from copper to brass, but many were mixed with lead and even iron. There are in addition variations in size, form and quality. The Africans valued them by their ring when struck.